IMarike yeSicelo esisezantsi saMacandelo eNjini yeDizili iBast

1) Intshayelelo kwishishini leenjini zedizili

Iinjini zedizili zezona modeli zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kubushushu, awona mandla asetyenziswayo, kunye nowona wonga amandla kuzo zonke iintlobo zoomatshini bamandla abasetyenziswayo ngoku kwimizi-mveliso. Baye baduma kwizithuthi zorhwebo, oomatshini bezolimo, oomatshini bobunjineli, iinqanawa, iilocomotives zedizili, i-geological neoli yokomba i-oil rigs, imikhosi, Yeyona nto iphambili yenkxaso yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo, izikhululo zamandla eziphathwayo kunye ne-backup kunye nezinye izixhobo. Zininzi iindidi zeenjini zedizili. Okwangoku, ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo lusekwe kwinani leesilinda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo: zahlulwe ikakhulu zibe ziindidi ezine ngokwenani leesilinda, ezizezi iinjini zedizili ezinesilinda, iinjini zedizili ezinesilinda ezincinci, eziphakathi. -izale ii-injini zedizili ezinezisilinda ezininzi kunye neenjini zedizili ezinesantya esiphakathi. Ezi zintlu zimbini zokugqibela Ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ziinjini zedizili eziphakathi nezinzima, zezona ziphambili kuphuhliso lwenjini yedizili ngoku; ngokusetyenziswa kwazo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iinjini zedizili zaselwandle kunye neenjini zedizili zezithuthi.

Ishishini le-injini ye-diesel licandelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini loomatshini. Uphuhliso lweshishini le-injini ye-diesel lunempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kumashishini, ezolimo, ezothutho, ukwakhiwa kokhuselo lwesizwe, kunye nobomi babantu. Umzi-mveliso we-injini ye-diesel lishishini elinyukayo kwishishini le-injini ye-diesel kwaye ikakhulu libandakanya ukwenziwa kwamalungu angundoqo afana neebhloko ze-cylinder ze-injini ye-diesel, ii-cylinder heads, ii-pistons, ii-crankshafts, ii-rod zokudibanisa, kunye nee-camshafts.

2) Iimpawu zokuvelisa iinxalenye ze-injini ye-diesel

Iinjini zedizili zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zikwindawo engundoqo kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso ezikulo. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo yophuhliso, ishishini lokuvelisa injini ye-diesel lenze uluhlu lweenkampani ezixhasayo. Iinkampani ezininzi zeenjini zedizili zidlala indima enkulu njengabahlanganisi. Ezinye iindawo eziphambili ze-injini ye-diesel: intonga yokudibanisa i-crank, i-Pistons, i-cylinder liners, i-camshafts, njl. Ulwahlulo olukhethekileyo lwabasebenzi luvumela abavelisi beenjini zedizili ukuba bagxininise ngakumbi kwizinto eziluncedo zabo kwaye bagxile kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kweenjini zedizili.

Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, ubuchwephesha be-injini ye-diesel yelizwe lam buye benza inkqubela enkulu, kwaye umsantsa phakathi kwenqanaba lobugcisa beshishini kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa obuphambili behlabathi liye lehla kancinci. Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kwesikhokelo sesicwangciso sesizwe sokwazisa, ukwetyisa, ukufunxwa kunye nokuvuselela ngokutsha, iinkampani ezikhokelayo kwishishini ziye zanikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kutshintsho lwetekhnoloji kunye noovimba betekhnoloji, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kunye. iinkqubo. Amashishini asekhaya akhulise ukuqokelelwa kwawo kwetekhnoloji ngokwazisa, ukwetyisa kunye nokufunxwa kobuchwepheshe benjini yedizili yangaphandle, ngakumbi ukonga amandla enjini yedizili kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kombane, kunye nenqanaba lobuchwephesha leemveliso zenjini yedizili nalo liphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokufunxwa kunye nokuhlaziya kwakhona. .

3) Imakethi esezantsi yosetyenziso lweenxalenye zenjini yedizili inkulu

Kuba iinjini zedizili zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zokugqibela ezixhasayo, iinxalenye ze-injini yedizili zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neelori, iibhasi, oomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini bezolimo, iinqanawa, izitimela zedizili zikaloliwe, amandla amileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane. Uphuhliso lwe-injini ye-diesel kunye neshishini lezahlulo linxulunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo kumashishini asezantsi. Uphuhliso lweshishini leenjini zedizili luxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zentengiso yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-China Internal Combustion Industry Association, iintengiso ze-diesel zelizwe lam zizonke ngo-2021 zaziyi-6.1084 yezigidi zeeyunithi (kubandakanya iiyunithi ezingama-238,300 zezithuthi zabahambi, iiyunithi zezigidi ezingama-2.9675 zezithuthi zorhwebo, i-1.0481 yezigidi zeeyunithi. oomatshini bezolimo, kunye I-1.4648 yezigidi zeeyunithi zoomatshini baselwandle abangama-40,200, iiyunithi ezingama-317,500 zokuvelisa amandla, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-31,900 ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngo-2022, iiyunithi zokuthengisa ze-diesel zelizwe lam zazingama-4,286,600 (kubandakanya iiyunithi ezingama-188,700 zezithuthi zabakhweli, iiyunithi eziyi-1,670,100 zezithuthi zorhwebo, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-837,200 zoomatshini bobunjineli. I-1.2223 yeeyunithi ezisetyenzisiweyo, iiyunithi ezizigidi ezingama-39 zisetyenziselwe ezolimo, iiyunithi ezingama-39 zasetyenziselwa ezolimo, iiyunithi ezizigidi ezingama-39 zasetyenziselwa ezolimo zisetyenziselwe ezolimo zaselwandle, iiyunithi ezingama-39 zezolimo zasetyenziselwa ushishino lwaselwandle Iiyunithi ezingama-311,700 zasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane, kwaye iiyunithi ezingama-16,900 zasetyenziselwa injongo jikelele). Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba ukuthengiswa kweenjini ze-diesel kwiimoto zorhwebo zehla ngokukhawuleza.