I-Thailand isisiseko esibalulekileyo semveliso yeemoto kwihlabathi, ebonakaliswa kwinto yokuba imveliso yemoto yonyaka yaseThailand iphezulu njengezithuthi ezizigidi ezi-1.9, ezona ziphezulu kwi-ASEAN; okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngo-2022, ixabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle kweshishini leemoto zaseThailand lifikelele kwi-1.31 yetriliyoni ye-baht, ukwanda kwe-8.2%, kubalelwa malunga ne-12.3% ye-GDP; ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kweengxenye liphezulu kwi-ASEAN kunye nenqanaba le-14 kwihlabathi, kwaye ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwamavili emoto lifikelele kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi. Kunokuthiwa umzi-mveliso wecandelo leemoto ukhuthaze iThailand ukuba ibe sisiseko semveliso yemoto yanamhlanje.

imeko esisiseko

Ukusukela ngo-1963, urhulumente waseThai ebekhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lamalungu eemoto. Ekuqaleni, amasebe karhulumente waseThai agxininise ekuqaliseni amanyathelo okuxhasa utyalo-mali kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo zeemoto zasekhaya, ngakumbi ukonyuka kwamaxabiso okungenisa elizweni kwiimoto ezipheleleyo (Ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo: CBU) kunye nokudilizwa ngokupheleleyo (UkuQothulwa phantsi ngokupheleleyo: CKD). Emva koko, iBhodi yoTyalo-mali (i-BOI) ikhuphe imilinganiselo efana nokukhululwa kwirhafu yengeniso yenkampani kunye nokukhululwa kwirhafu yokungenisa koomatshini ukutsala abatyali-zimali bangaphandle ukuba baseke iziseko zemveliso eThailand.

Ukongeza, urhulumente wase-Thai uphinde wamisela umlinganiselo weendawo eziveliswa ekhaya ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeemoto (imfuno yomxholo wendawo: LCR). Le mfuneko iye yakhanselwa, kodwa umlinganiselo weendawo eziveliswe ekuhlaleni kwixabiso elipheleleyo leemoto ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemoto zabahambi zaseThai zisephezulu kwi-60-80%; iimoto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye neelori ezithwalayo zifikelela kwi-90%, kwaye izithuthuthu zisebenzisa phantse zonke iindawo eziveliswa ekuhlaleni. Okwangoku, izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla zaseThailand namanye amazwe afana ne-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), iThailand-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA), kunye neThailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) zikhokelele ekwehleni kweCBU kunye I-CKD ingenisa iirhafu eziphezulu.

Abatyali-zimali baseThai nabangaphandle bayaqhubeka nokutyala imali kwishishini leemoto eThailand. Iinkampani ezibalulekileyo zasekhaya kunye namashishini adibeneyo eThailand aquka iThai Summit Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Sammitr Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Somboon Advance Technology Plc., Thai Auto Pressparts Co., Ltd., njl. abaye baseka iziseko zemveliso eThailand ziquka iBosch, iDenso, iMagna, i-Continental, i-ZF, kunye ne-Aisin Seiki. Phakathi kweemveliso ezibalulekileyo zezi:

1) Iqela lamalungu erabha:

Ukuxhomekeka kunikezelo lwasekhaya lwezixhobo zerabha zendalo eThailand, njengemibhobho, amabhanti, iirim ze-fiberglass, amavili emoto kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifuna itekhnoloji yemveliso ephezulu;

2) Uqeqesho lwamandla kunye namalungu enjini:

Phakathi kwabo, i-chain chain chain iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ixabiso lidlula i-1/3 yeendleko zokuvelisa i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi (ICE) izithuthi. Kwakhona liqela ukuba urhulumente waseThai ukhuthaza imveliso kuwo wonke ukubonelela, njengama-radiators, i-exhaust pipes, iinkqubo zokubonelela ngepetroli, iitanki zamafutha, iinkqubo zokutshisa, izixhobo, njl.;

3) Izithuthi zombane:

Urhulumente waseThailand ukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwezithuthi zombane kwifomu yephakheji, ngoko ke ii-automakers ngokuthe ngcembe zifaka isicelo sotyalo-mali ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweemoto zombane kunye neenxalenye eThailand. Iibhetri, ngokukodwa, i-akhawunti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yeendleko zezithuthi zombane.

Iimveliso kunye nesakhiwo sokuthumela ngaphandle

Thailand's automotive parts kushishino ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwimarike yayo yasekhaya, kunye intengiso accounting 60-70%, yahlulwe kwindibano isithuthi (abavelisi izixhobo original OEM) kunye nezixhobo zemoto endaweni (abavelisi izixhobo endaweni REM).

I-OEM: I-30-40% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso yeengxenye zemarike yaseThailand

Ukwandiswa ngokukhula kwemveliso yeemoto, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yazo ziveliswa ngaphakathi eThailand, kwaye ezinye zifuna iimveliso zetekhnoloji ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivela kwinkampani engumzali okanye ababoneleli benkampani yabazali baphesheya, ezinje ngezinto zombane (iitshiphusi ezincinci: iMCU) kulawulo lweemoto. iinkqubo ezisuka eJapan, kunye namalungu enjini yokutsha yangaphakathi kunye namalungu esithuthi sombane asuka eTshayina.

I-REM: 60-70% yexabiso lilonke leenxalenye zentengiso yasekhaya yaseThailand

Imarike ye-REM ikhula kwicala elifanayo nenani eliqokelelweyo lezithuthi ezibhalisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nemfuno yeendawo ezitshintshileyo (iindawo ezisecaleni). I-REM ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza, kubandakanywa amaziko eenkonzo zokulungisa abathengisi/iimoto, iinxalenye zemoto ezithengiswayo kunye neevenkile ezithengisayo, kunye neevenkile zokulungisa ngokubanzi. Ngokwexabiso leenxalenye ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, i-REM ithatha i-10-20% yexabiso lilonke leenxalenye ezingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, uninzi lwazo zisuka eJapan (ibalelwa kwi-43% yazo zonke iinxalenye ze-REM ezithunyelwa ngaphandle), kunye ne-China (17). %) kunye ne-United States (8%).

Iinxalenye ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibalelwa kwi-30-40% yengeniso epheleleyo yecandelo loshishino lokuvelisa, apho iinxalenye ze-OEM zithatha i-80-85% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye neengxenye ze-REM zenza i-15-20%. Ezona ndawo zithunyelwa ngaphandle yiThailand ziinjini, iintambo zokubopha iintambo, imizimba, izibuko, iiyunithi zegiya, amatayara kunye namalungu erabha.

IThailand ithathwa njengelizwe elikhuphisana kakhulu kwicandelo leemoto kwihlabathi liphela. Isebenzisa amakhonkco okubonelela ukufikelela kuqoqosho lwesikali kunye nomgangatho wamalungu avelisiweyo wamkelwa ngabavelisi beemoto. Ukongeza, iThailand ikwanendawo eluncedo kwimveliso yamalungu, iyenza ibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yemveliso emhlabeni. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eThailand kwamacandelo (zonke iintlobo) yayizezona ziphezulu kwi-ASEAN kwaye zibekwe kwindawo ye-14 kwihlabathi. Ezona nxalenye ziphambili ezithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe yayingamavili emoto (eyesibini ehlabathini), ezinye iinxalenye zezithuthuthu (ngaphandle kweenjini kunye namavili ezithuthi) (zikwindawo yesi-3), iinjini (zikwindawo ye-13) kunye nezinye iinxalenye zemoto (ngaphandle kweenjini namatayara) (zibekwe kwindawo ye-15). Uninzi lweendawo zemoto zaseThailand zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwiziseko zokuvelisa iimoto zase-ASEAN, ezizezi, i-Indonesia, iMalaysia, iVietnam kunye nePhilippines, ezithi xa zidibene zithathe i-22% yazo zonke iinxalenye zemoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, zilandelwa yi-United States (22%) kunye neJapan (9%). ).